"Cowardice asks the question...is it safe? Expediency asks the question...is it politic? Vanity asks the question...is it popular? But conscience asks the question...is it right? And there comes a time when one must take a position that is neither safe, nor politic, nor popular but one must take it because it is right." ~Dr. Martin Luther King

Sunday, 20 January 2013

HOW TO QUASH A MUNICIPAL BY-LAW

Municipal councils in Ontario are granted significant power, discretion and autonomy in their ability to pass municipal by-laws.  However, they are required to adhere to certain principles of fairness and openness which are necessary in our democracy.
Where a municipal council has acted in bad faith or in an illegal manner to pass a by-law there is a remedy for disgruntled citizens under section 273of the Municipal Act which permits an applicant to bring a court application to quash the bylaw.  Section 273 states:
273. (1) Upon the application of any person, the Superior Court of Justice may quash a by-law of a municipality in whole or in part for illegality.
In Grosvenor v. East Luther Grand Valley (Township), [2007] the Ontario Court of Appeal defined “illigality” under s.273 as “bad faith” (para 27):
“‘Illegality’ is a generic term covering any act not in accordance with the law”: Immeubles Port Louis ltée c. Lafontaine (Village), [1991] 1 S.C.R. 326 (S.C.C.), at 343 … it encompasses by-laws that are passed in bad faithWhile the door is open to quash a by-law, the opening is quite slim.  The “bad faith” required to quash a by-law is quite high.
In Wyoming (Village) v. Homex Realty & Development (“Homex Realty“) Weatherston J.A. of the Ontario Court of Appeal re-affirmed the high standard which must be satisfied in order to quash a municipal by-law as set out in Re Howard and Toronto 
Certain elementary principles must be kept in mind when dealing with questions such as those here raised. A municipal council is a legislative body having a very limited and delegated jurisdiction. Within the limits of its delegated jurisdiction, and subject to the terms of the delegation, its power is plenary and absolute and in no way subject to criticism or investigation by the courts. When the municipal council goes beyond its limited jurisdiction or seeks to ignore conditions precedent to the exercise of the power that has been conferred upon it, it is the duty of the courts to interfere and quash the municipal by-law for illegality. Beyond that the courts cannot go. The question is always one of the right of the municipality to determine the question; the justness or fairness of the action of the council is quite beside the mark. If it is shewn that the municipal councillors have abandoned all honest attempts at legislation and are corruptly seeking by the prostitution of their legislative powers to advance the ends of some member of the council or some favoured individual, the courts may also interfere. (underline added)
Despite the above, the Court of Appeal upheld the impugned by-laws, however, the Supreme Court of Canada subsequently overturned the Court of Appeal’s decision and quashed the by-laws.  The issue in that case was that the municipality failed to give Homex Realty the notice it was entitled to under s.29 of the Planning Act 
In Farber v. Kingston (“Farber“) the city passed a by-law to re-name a historic landmark after the name of a particular family in exchange for substantial donation. The Ontario Superior Court held that while no public consultations were had, they did discuss the matter in two public in-camera meetings including one which was well attended by the public and where there was free and open discussion by councilors on the merits of the by-law.  Thus, the application to quash the by-law was declined. However, the necessary “bad faith” has been found in some cases
In the above cited Farber Quigley J. also cited RSJ Holdings Inc. as an example of a by-law passed in “bad faith”.  In that case the controversial by-law was passed by city council, along with 31 other by-laws, in a time span of eight minutes without any public debate or discussion.
Another example of “bad faith” is in Grand Valley where concerned citizens notified council that the city was required to erect some safety fences under the Lines Fences Act.   In order to avoid this responsibility and save money city council, six days before the fences were to be erected, secretly passed a by-law, without notice to the concerned citizens, which nullified the city’s requirement to erect the fence
Therefore, if you are going to be successful quashing a municipal by-law for illegality then the bad faith must of the level in the  Homex Realty, Grand Valley, and Farber v. Kingston cases. In those cases the “bad faith” concerned clear and conscious decisions by council to evade public notification, consultation and accountability altogether.  Thus, the courts have shown concern that both (a) those entitled to by-law related notification receive it, and (b) councils act in an open and accountable manner

I've read it twice. 
There is a right to make application to the OMB to quash a Bylaw.
There is an obligation to deal with the public in good faith. 
There is a right to public consultation,

" The Ontario Superior Court held that while no public consultations were had, they did discuss the matter in two public in-camera meetings including one which was well attended by the public and where there was free and open discussion by councilors on the merits of the by-law.  Thus, the application to quash the by-law was declined. However, the necessary “bad faith” has been found in some cases "

The above notes the council discussed the matter in two public in-camera meetings including one that was well-attended
by the public and there was free and open discussion. and free and open discussion by councillors  on the merits of the by-law. 

In-camera meetings are not public.The public don't get to attend. 
Aurora  Council has had  discussions on the agreement. . None of it in- camera. 
Except the negotiation of the new agreement   between the board and town staff was all conducted in private. We heard none of that.
The dispute is about handing over public funds to a board Council has not appointed . 
We don't know who these people areor who they might be from week to week. They are volunteers. They can quit and be replaced  over and over again. 
There's no guarantee of continuity even if delegation of Council's    authority to a bunch of strangers is appropriate. 
We don't even know if they can or should be bonded.  
We have never had that discussion.
Last night I watched  headline notes on television. No chage was too small  for an official of Lrange to charge, He charged 75ents for something. Whatcan you get for 75 cents. 
Remember the highly-pai official of E-Health. She charged for a coffee and a muffin.  and weren;t there million dollar over-runs in that contract. And didn't it have to be scrapped.
Before that there was another profligate  in  charge of  Ontario Hydro Corporation or Hydro One
A contract with  the government is the common denominator.
Why do we need to be messing with that stuff.
Where's the logic? Or  fairness?. Or accountability?.     
       

4 comments:

Anonymous said...

One major weakness of this By-law is that it seeks to tie the hands of future Councils who might need to deal with the sitting tenants in a building that they own. Just an observation. Not a legal truism.

Anonymous said...

It does not seem to make sense for Aurora to provide the Centre with $100,000 tax-payer dollars for a Contingency Fund that can only be accessed by non-elected members of Centre in case they cannot carry out their business. They do not pay rent or maintenance. Why should such a large sum be needed to cancel some future contracts? We have no idea what they have committed to do in the future. There is no Business Plan.
Just Asking

Anonymous said...

I hesitate to mention it as the resident whack-job will get into a frenzy. But Christopher is back. I actually understood the entire post. Good to have him up there.

Anonymous said...

To 1:30 PM It is so juvenile to try and target an individual whenever you are unable to comment intelligently on the subject being discussed.